linux Basic Commands
File Handling
1:-mkdir – make directories
Usage: mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY...
eg. mkdir learn
2:-ls – list directory contents
Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
eg. ls, ls l,
ls learn
3:-cd – changes directories
Usage: cd [DIRECTORY]
eg. cd prabhat
4:-pwd-print
name of current working directory
Usage: pwd
5:-vim – Vi Improved, a programmers text editor
Usage: vim [OPTION] [file]...
eg. vim file1.txt
6;-cp – copy files and directories
Usage: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST
eg. cp sample.txt sample_copy.txt
cp sample_copy.txt target_dir
7:- mv – move (rename) files
Usage: mv [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST
eg. mv source.txt target_dir
mv old.txt new.txt
8:-rm remove
files or directories
Usage: rm [OPTION]... FILE...
eg. rm file1.txt , rm rf some_dir
9;- find – search for files in a directory hierarchy
Usage: find [OPTION] [path] [pattern]
eg. find file1.txt, find name file1.txt
10:- history – prints recently used commands
Usage: history
Text Handling/Processing
1:-cat – concatenate files and print on the standard output
Usage: cat [OPTION] [FILE]...
eg. cat file1.txt file2.txt
cat n file1.txt
2:-echo – display a line of text
Usage: echo [OPTION] [string] ...
eg. echo I love Pakistan
echo $HOME
3:-grep print
lines matching a pattern
Usage: grep [OPTION] PATTERN [FILE]...
eg. grep i
apple sample.txt
4:-wc print
the number of newlines, words, and bytes in files
Usage: wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...
eg. wc file1.txt
wc L
file1.txt
5:-sort – sort lines of text files
Usage: sort [OPTION]... [FILE]...
eg. sort file1.txt
sort r
file1.txt
System Administration
1:-su – change user ID or become superuser
Usage: su [OPTION] [LOGIN]
eg. su remo, su
2:-passwd – update a user’s authentication tokens(s)
Usage: passwd [OPTION]
eg. passwd
3:-who – show who is logged on
Usage: who [OPTION]
eg. who , who b, who q
File Systems
1:-fdisk – partition manipulator
eg. sudo fdisk l
2:-mount – mount a file system
Usage: mount t
type device dir
eg. mount /dev/sda5 /media/target
3;- umount – unmount file systems
Usage: umount [OPTIONS] dir | device...
eg. umount /media/target
4:-du – estimate file space usage
Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
eg. du
5:- df – report filesystem disk space usage
Usage: df [OPTION]... [FILE]...
eg. df
6:- quota – display disk usage and limits
Usage: quota [OPTION]
eg. quota v
