Linux Basic Commands

linux Basic Commands

File Handling

1:-mkdir – make directories

    Usage: mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY...

    eg. mkdir learn

2:-ls – list directory contents

    Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

    eg. ls, ls l,

    ls learn

3:-cd – changes directories

    Usage: cd [DIRECTORY]

    eg. cd prabhat

4:-pwd-print

    name of current working directory

    Usage: pwd

5:-vim – Vi Improved, a programmers text editor

     Usage: vim [OPTION] [file]...

     eg. vim file1.txt

6;-cp – copy files and directories

    Usage: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST

    eg. cp sample.txt sample_copy.txt

     cp sample_copy.txt target_dir

7:- mv – move (rename) files

     Usage: mv [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST

     eg. mv source.txt target_dir

     mv old.txt new.txt

8:-rm remove

    files or directories

    Usage: rm [OPTION]... FILE...

    eg. rm file1.txt , rm rf some_dir

9;- find – search for files in a directory hierarchy

     Usage: find [OPTION] [path] [pattern]

     eg. find file1.txt, find name file1.txt

10:- history – prints recently used commands

       Usage: history

Text Handling/Processing

1:-cat – concatenate files and print on the standard output

    Usage: cat [OPTION] [FILE]...

    eg. cat file1.txt file2.txt

    cat n file1.txt

2:-echo – display a line of text

    Usage: echo [OPTION] [string] ...

    eg. echo I love Pakistan

    echo $HOME

3:-grep print

    lines matching a pattern

    Usage: grep [OPTION] PATTERN [FILE]...

    eg. grep i

    apple sample.txt

4:-wc print

    the number of newlines, words, and bytes in files

    Usage: wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...

    eg. wc file1.txt

    wc L

    file1.txt

5:-sort – sort lines of text files

    Usage: sort [OPTION]... [FILE]...

    eg. sort file1.txt

    sort r

    file1.txt

System Administration

1:-su – change user ID or become superuser

    Usage: su [OPTION] [LOGIN]

    eg. su remo, su

2:-passwd – update a user’s authentication tokens(s)

    Usage: passwd [OPTION]

    eg. passwd

3:-who – show who is logged on

     Usage: who [OPTION]

     eg. who , who b, who q

File Systems

1:-fdisk – partition manipulator

    eg. sudo fdisk l

2:-mount – mount a file system

    Usage: mount t

    type device dir

    eg. mount /dev/sda5 /media/target

3;- umount – unmount file systems

     Usage: umount [OPTIONS] dir | device...

     eg. umount /media/target

4:-du – estimate file space usage

    Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...

    eg. du

5:- df – report filesystem disk space usage

     Usage: df [OPTION]... [FILE]...

     eg. df

6:- quota – display disk usage and limits

     Usage: quota [OPTION]

     eg. quota v